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Background
Intel Corporation is a chip designer and manufacturer, most notably known for manufacturing central processing units (CPU), founded in 1968, USA. Intel, which means Integrated Electronics, started of by making 64-bit static random-access memory (SRAM) with semiconductors in 1969. Intel released the 4-bit Intel 4004 microprocessor in 1971, Intel's first commercially available microprocessor, and their first microcomputer, the Intel Intellec 4 and Intellec 8, in 1973. Intel has gone on and became the founder of many legendary technologies that emerged throughout the 90s, such as the PCI and PCI Express hardware architecture, the USB standard and Thunderbolt interface.
Intel entered the discrete graphics market in 1986 with the 82786 chip, their first discrete graphic co-processor, called an co-processor due to having an independent graphics and display processor, supporting 256 colors, with 4 MB of VRAM. In 1998 Intel showcased what became their last discrete GPU for the era, the Intel 740. Some of the i740 lived on in Intel's Extreme Graphics architecture for iGPUs, which in 2004 got replaced by the Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) series of integrated graphics processors. In 2010 Intel introduced Intel HD Graphics, later known as Intel UHD Graphics along side with Intel Iris, which serves as integrated graphics in processors still today.
The mobile Tiger Lake lineup, released in 2020, is first to reveal the new Xe-Low Power, architecture, bringing more Vector Engines (VE), higher clocks, power efficiencies, and a new L1 cache. The reworked architecture quadruples the arithmetic logic unit pipelines, changes structure and instruction sets, and has pairs of VEs sharing thread controllers reducing both die area and power consumption. On August 16, 2021 came the awaited announcement, the Intel Arc discrete GPUs, their first discrete GPU in over 20 years, with the Xe-High Performance Gaming architecture.
The Intel Arc A-series, also called Alchemist is the first series of discrete GPUs, released in 2022, using the Xe-HPG microarchitecture. Using the TSMC N6 technology, the new series brings multiple media hardware encoders, DirectX12 Ultimate with Raytracing, and lots of QoL features. The Alchemist series also features more Vector Engines, math sets improvements, overall performance and data set optimizations, Xe Super Sampling upscaling technology and machine learning capabilities. Intel Arc B-series, codename Battlemage, launched in 2024 . The Battlemage series made with TSMC's N5 technology brings increased density and efficiency letting the second generation of Xe-HPG half the die area, down to 272 mm2, compared to previous generation, while providing a 50% efficiency and 70% performance boost per core and even greater data set optimizations.
The Arc C-series, known as Celeste, which was planned for 2025 is according to leaks canceled in the discrete gaming market, however does still feature data server GPUs, and the architecture is likely to show up in the Nova Lake mobile processor lineup. The generation after, D-series, codename Druid, is according to rumors potentially planned for 2028.
Identification
To identify your graphics card in Windows, see Intel's GPU identification guide.
To identify your graphics card in a Linux environment, see this How-To-Geek's guide.
Many of Intel's board partners feature the Intel Arc logotype lettering on the side, or top of the GPU.
Intel has multiple board partners, manufacturers, and vendors, most notably are:
- Intel Arc
- Acer Nitro
- Asrock
- Gunnir
- MaxSun
- Omix
- Sparkle
Additional Information
Additional sources and Further Reading
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