Solder pad ripped off

You might be able to get away with leaving it off, but these larger caps I tend to think are probably ones you'll want to replace. I can't tell for certain from the pictures, but it's very possible that side of the capacitor was on ground (which honestly would make sense to me, that will be the side that's harder to desolder because it can absorb more heat since the ground plane is quite large).

If you still have the capacitor, check which side the torn off pad is on. Is it on the positive side or negative side? It will generally be labelled as such. See the other cap in the picture, there's a vertical white stripe on it with minus signs to designate it's the negative side. Negative side means it's the likely the ground side, so would be much easier to repair.

Consequences of leaving it off could vary. My inkling based on the width of that trace is that it's a major power rail and chances are it's got lots of caps, so one missing may not have huge consequences. But could mean components on that rail may wear out faster, or potentially something may not work at all depending on the purpose.

I would confirm with a multimeter in continuity mode that that side was in fact ground, by probing the little vias at the end of the little traces that pulled up and seeing if they are continuous with a known ground (areas around screw holes are usually a good bet). If ground, just make sure that leg of the capacitor gets soldered to a ground point and you'll be golden. You can repair the little traces if you want, but it may not be necessary.