It's possible upgrade a 2016 MacBook 12'' with a 2017 motherboard?

Generally, the different Model ID'ed systems don't share the same parts so in your case 12" MacBook (Early 2016) - MacBook9,1 and 12" MacBook (Mid 2017) - MacBook10,1 are only a minor change within the logic board between them.

Even still the cost of the replacement logic if your system is still working may not be worth the cost. You are more likely to find a used system for the same price or lower. Don't forget the age of your system also likely needs a new battery as well. Are you sure that's not the real issue here?

• The 2016 logic board # 820-00244
• The 2017 logic board # 820-00687